Syllabus for Applied Mathematics Comprehensive, Part 1
Linear Algebra:
Matrices and systems of linear equations. Vector spaces
over general
fields, subspaces, linear independence, basis, dimension. Determinants.
Linear
transformations, associated matrices, change of basis, dimension
formula. Dual
vectorspaces. Eigenvalues, eigenspaces, diagonalization, Jordan
canonical form. Inner
product spaces, bilinear, quadratic and hermitian forms. Adjoint,
self-adjoint,
orthogonal and unitary operators. Diagonalization in Euclidean and
unitary
spaces. The spectral theorem.
References: Schaum's Outlines: Linear Algebra: Chapters 1--13.
Basic Real Analysis:
Real numbers: Infimum and supremum, limits of sequences, monotone
sequences, Cauchy sequences.
Continuity: limits of functions, continuous functions, the intermediate
value theorem, maxima and minima, uniform continuity, monotone
functions, inverse functions.
Differentiation: the derivative, mean value theorem, l’Hospital’s rule,
Taylor’s
expansion with remainder.
Integration: Riemann integrals, the fundamental theorem of calculus,
improper integrals.
Sequences of functions: pointwise and uniform convergence, continuity
and convergence, interchange of limit with derivatives and integrals,
Arzela-Ascoli theorem, Weierstrass and
Stone-Weierstrass approximation theorems. Differentiation of integrals
with parameters.
Infinite series: series of numbers and functions, absolute convergence,
power series.
Elementary functions: rigorous introduction of the exponential,
logarithmic, trigonometric and inverse trigonometric functions.
Functions of several variables: the derivative as a linear
transformation, Taylor’s
theorem, the inverse and implicit function theorems.
Vector calculus: multiple integrals, path and surface integrals, change
of variables theorem for integrals, calculation of areas, volumes and
arc-lengths, the integral theorems of vector analysis (Green’s,
Stokes’, and Gauss’ theorems).
Metric spaces: basic topology, compactness, connectedness,
completeness.
References: “Vector Calculus”, Marsden and Tromba
“Principles of Mathematical Analysis”, Walter Rudin
“Elementary Classical Analysis”, J. Marsden and M. Hoffman
Complex Variables:
Analytic functions, Cauchy-Riemann equations,
entire
functions, the
exponential, trigonometric, and logarithmic functions, Euler’s formula.
Line integrals, Cauchy’s theorem, Cauchy’s integral formula, power
series
representation and consequences, uniqueness theorem, mean value
theorem,
maximum modulus principle, open mapping theorem.
Morera’s theorem, Liouville’s theorem and applications, meromorphic
functions,
Laurent expansions, residue theorem and applications, fractional linear
transformations.
References: “Function Theory of One Complex Variable”, R. Greene and S.
Krantz
Ordinary
Differential Equations:
Systems of
ODE: existence and uniqueness, linear
systems, constant coefficient linear systems, Floquet Theory, variation
of
parameters, autonomous systems in the plane, phase portraits, notions
of
stability, linearized stability, Lyapunov's method, conservative
systems, Poincare-Bendixson
theorem, limit cycles.
References:
"The Qualitative Theory of ODE", F. Brauer and J.A.
Nohel, Dover
Publications 1969.
"Nonlinear
Differential Equations and Dynamical Systems", Ferdinand
Verhulst, Springer Verlag, 1996. Material selected from Chapters 1, 2,
3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 12.
Partial
Differential Equations:
First order
PDEs and the method of characteristics. Wave equation in
1D:
general soltuion, causality, energy method, reflection at boundary
points,
sources. Wave equation in 3D: spherical means, Huygen's principle,
energy
method, Duhamel's formula. Heat equation: fundamental solution, maximum
principle, energy method. Laplace and Poisson equations: mean-value
theorem,
maximum principle, Green's identities and applications, Dirichlet and
Neumann
problems. Solution of PDEs by eigenfunction expansion. Solution by
Fourier
transforms. Fundamental solutions, Green's functions, and distributions.
Reference:
W. Strauss:
"Partial differential equations an introduction", John
Wiley & Sons, 1992. Material selected from chapters 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 9,
11, 12.
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